The new HAL plant to produce cryogenic engines for ISRO rockets is officially opened by President Murmu

Cryogenic engines will be produced in the Integrated Cryogenic Engine Manufacturing Facility and used by Isro in its rockets. 

Other than India, countries with expertise in cryogenic technology include the USA, France, Japan, China, and Russia. When India successfully flew the GSLV-D5 with a cryogenic engine in 2014, it became a member of the exclusive manufacturing club.

"The commissioning of all the critical equipment for the manufacturing and assembly requirements is completed. The pre-production activities which involve the preparation of the process plans, drawings, and quality plan have also commenced. HAL will start realising the modules by March 2023," HAL had said in a statement.

On Tuesday, Bengaluru's Integrated Cryogenic Engine Manufacturing Facility was officially opened by President Droupadi Murmu. The Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facility will house all of the India Space Research Organization's rocket engine production under one roof (Isro).

As Isro pushes the limit with a number of new missions beyond Earth's orbit, the engine production facility is expected to strengthen its capabilities in designing and producing cryogenic engines for its rockets.

The facility, which has a 4,500 square metre footprint, contains 70 high-tech tools and testing facilities for the production of cryogenic (CE20) and semi-cryogenic (SE2000) engines.

In the near future, Isro will use these engines in its launch vehicles to send satellites and people into space. The building was constructed in accordance with the terms of an MoU that HAL and Isro signed in 2013 to establish a production facility for cryogenic engine modules at HAL's Aerospace Division.

For PSLV, GSLV MK-II, GSLV MK-III, and stage integration for GSLV Mk-II, HAL's aerospace division has been producing liquid propellant tanks and launch vehicle structures. The division will now start working on developing cryogenic engines.

 It is important to note that only a select few nations are able to manufacture cryogenic engines, despite the fact that they are one of the most widely used engines in launch vehicles worldwide.

 

The location of Queen Nefertiti's tomb is a long-lost Egyptian mystery that Tutankhamun concealed

The long-held hypothesis that queen Nefertiti's tomb might be located in Tutankhamun's tomb is strengthened by new information. The ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamun is hiding more secrets than previously believed.

According to a British Egyptologist, the tomb of Tutankhamun, which was found in 1922, has signs that might confirm the long-held notion that the Egyptian queen Nefertiti is interred close to her stepson in a secret room. There are new hints that support the notion, even though it hasn't yet been proven.

Neferneferuaten Nefertiti (/ˌnɛfərˈtiːti/) ( c. 1370 – c. 1330 BC) was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

“I can now show that, under the cartouches of Ay, are cartouches of Tutankhamun himself, proving that that scene originally showed Tutankhamun burying his predecessor, Nefertiti. You would not have had that decoration in the tomb of Tutankhamun,” said Nicholas Reeves, a former curator in the British Museum’s Department of Egyptian Antiquities.

 Egyptologists assert that paintings of Tutankhamun burying Nefertiti were painted over by paintings depicting Tutankhamun being buried by his pharaonic successor, Ay. According to reports, the subsequent pictures depict them carrying out the rite of "opening the lips" of the mummy in order to revive the dead person's five senses.

Nefertiti served as Akhenaten's primary spouse and Tutankhamun's stepmother. Archaeologists from all around the world who are interested in ancient Egyptian civilisation have long been interested in uncovering her burial tomb, but it has never been discovered.

Tutankhamun unexpectedly passed away at the age of barely 19; when his tomb was found, it contained wealth, chariots, chairs, and other comforts he would require in the hereafter. Reeves asserted that Nefertiti's tomb, which was "made for and is still occupied by," is significantly larger and only contains the exterior portion of Tutankhamun's tomb.

Since 2007, archaeologists have investigated 16 royal mummies using DNA analysis in an effort to locate the missing queen. Although they have been recognised as Tut's grandparents, parents, and wife, there is still no proof of his stepmother.